Toenail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is a common condition that affects the toenails, causing them to become thickened, discolored, brittle, or crumbly. It occurs when fungi, typically dermatophytes, invade the nail bed or the nail itself. Fungal infections thrive in warm, moist environments such as shoes, communal showers, and swimming pools. They often enter the nail following trauma, due to a break in the nail seal. This makes toenail fungus a common issue, particularly in athletes, older individuals, and those with weakened immune systems.
Different Types of Fungal Organisms Causing Toenail Fungus
Several types of fungal organisms can cause toenail infections, including:
Dermatophytes: These are the most common culprits, causing about 90% of toenail fungal infections. Dermatophytes, like Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, feed on keratin, the protein that makes up your nails. They thrive in moist, warm environments and are often contracted in communal areas.
Yeasts (Candida species): Yeast infections of the toenail are less common but can occur, especially in people with weakened immune systems or those who have chronic health issues like diabetes.
Non-dermatophyte molds: These molds, such as Scopulariopsis and Aspergillus, are less common but can still cause onychomycosis. They typically affect individuals who have pre-existing nail damage or those with compromised immune systems.
Diagnosing Toenail Fungus with Fungal Nail PCR
Diagnosing toenail fungus can sometimes be tricky, as the symptoms of onychomycosis can resemble other nail disorders, such as psoriasis or trauma-induced nail changes. This is where a Fungal Nail PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) test becomes incredibly valuable. PCR is a cutting-edge diagnostic tool that can rapidly and accurately detect fungal DNA in nail samples. Here at cheltenham Podiatry we utilise PCR for confirmation of your infection.
Benefits of Fungal Nail PCR:
High Sensitivity and Specificity: PCR tests are more accurate than traditional methods like culture or microscopic examination, which can miss certain types of fungi.
Rapid Results: PCR testing provides faster results than cultures, which can take weeks. It can confirm the presence of fungal organisms within a day or two.
Targeted Diagnosis: This test can identify the specific type of fungus causing the infection, which is essential for determining the most effective treatment plan.
By confirming the exact fungal organism responsible for the infection, PCR allows for more targeted treatments, improving the chances of successful recovery.
Categories of Toenail Fungus Infections
Onychomycosis can be classified into several categories based on the site of infection and the appearance of the affected nails:
Distal Subungual Onychomycosis: This is the most common type of fungal nail infection, where the fungus invades the nail bed and the underside of the nail from the tip. The nail becomes thick, discolored, and crumbly, often turning yellow or brown.
White Superficial Onychomycosis: In this form, the fungus attacks the superficial layers of the nail, causing white, powdery spots on the nail surface. This type is more easily treated than others because the infection does not penetrate deeply into the nail bed.
Proximal Subungual Onychomycosis: This type occurs when the fungus invades the nail from the base (cuticle area) and spreads toward the tip. It’s more common in people with weakened immune systems.
Candida Onychomycosis: Caused by Candida yeasts, this type of fungal nail infection typically affects nails that have been damaged by trauma or are exposed to excessive moisture.
TOE FX: The Latest Innovation in Photodynamic Therapy for Toenail Fungus
Traditional treatments for toenail fungus include topical antifungals, oral medications, and in some cases, laser therapy. However, these options can be limited by long treatment durations, potential side effects, and lower efficacy rates. This is where TOE FX, a revolutionary new photodynamic therapy, comes in.
How Does TOE FX Work?
TOE FX uses a combination of methylene blue, a photosensitizing agent, and a specialized light device to target and destroy fungal infections at the nail bed. Here’s how it works step by step:
Application of Methylene Blue: Methylene blue is applied to the affected nail. It penetrates deep into the nail and fungal cells.
Light Activation: The TOE FX system uses a specific wavelength of light to activate the methylene blue. When exposed to light, methylene blue produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which selectively target and destroy fungal cells at their cell wall.
Dual Action: The methylene blue is impregnated with an antifungal agent, enhancing the efficacy of the treatment by directly inhibiting fungal cell growth while simultaneously destroying them through the photodynamic reaction.
Painless and Non-Invasive: The entire process is painless and non-invasive, with no heat or discomfort generated by the light. Unlike oral antifungal tablets, which carry a risk of liver toxicity, TOE FX is entirely localized, avoiding systemic side effects.
Multiple Sessions: Depending on the severity of the infection, patients may require multiple treatment sessions. However, the results are promising, with improvements visible as the nail grows out.
Why Choose TOE FX?
No Systemic Side Effects: Since it’s a localized therapy, it doesn’t have the risks associated with oral medications.
Non-Invasive: TOE FX avoids the discomfort or risks involved with more invasive treatments.
Safe for Long-Term Use: The painless nature of the therapy means it can be repeated as needed without causing harm to the nail or surrounding tissue.
High Efficacy: When used in combination with a proper diagnosis via PCR and with consistent follow-up sessions, TOE FX can achieve excellent results, reducing or eliminating fungal infections and promoting healthy nail regrowth.
Conclusion
Toenail fungus is a persistent and often frustrating condition to deal with, but the development of more advanced diagnostic tools, such as fungal nail PCR, and treatments like TOE FX photodynamic therapy, offer new hope for patients seeking effective solutions. With the precision of PCR testing and the innovative, non-invasive power of photodynamic therapy, treating toenail fungus has become more efficient, comfortable, and effective than ever before.
If you’re struggling with a stubborn toenail fungal infection, it might be time to explore the latest advancements in care and consider TOE FX for a healthier, clearer future for your nails. Contact Cheltenham Podiatry now for an appointment , for an assessment to see if this is suitable for your condition.